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Index 311
J
Jaguar, 103
Joint ventures (JVs), 8485
JP Morgan Chase, 236237
K
Kahneman, Daniel, 42, 123, 126
Keen, Steven, 43
Keynes, John Maynard, 263
Kroger, 100
K/S (see Strikestock price ratio)
L
Lambda, 169173
Large numbers, law of, 85, 297n2
(Chapter 4)
Last (option quotes), 146
LEAPS (see Long-term equity
anticipated securities)
Legs (option structure), 27
Lehman Brothers, 264
Lenovo, 299n5 (Chapter 5)
Leptokurtic distribution, 45
Leverage, 163, 282286
financial, 164, 197199, 285286
operating (operational), 101,
197199, 282284
(See also Investment leverage)
Leverage ratio, 228229
Levered investments, portfolios with,
176183
Liabilities, hidden, 110111
Life insurance companies, 135
Liquidity risk, 256, 263
Listed look-alike option market, 6
Literary work, options on, 56
Lo, Andrew, 42
Load, 132, 134
Loans, call options as,
167168
Lognormal curve, 37
Lognormal distribution,
3637
Long calls, 13, 189201
about, 189
BSM cone, 189
in long diagonals, 235237
portfolio management with,
196201
strike price for, 192196
tenor for, 190192
Long diagonals, 235237
Long puts, 201205
about, 201202
BSM cone, 201
portfolio management with,
204205
in short diagonals, 238240
strike price for, 203
tenor for, 202203
Long straddles, 208209
Long strangles, 2627, 205207, 209
Long-term equity anticipated
securities (LEAPS), 153, 191,
280281
Loss leverage:
conventions for, 182183
formula, 178179
with short puts, 211212
Losses:
with levered vs. unlevered
instruments, 165166
locking in, 245247
on range of exposure, 15
unrealized, 175176
(See also Realized losses)
M
MacKinlay, Craig, 42
Margin calls, 168
Margin of safety, 197199
Margin requirements, 211212
Market conditions, 5974
assumptions about drift and
dividend yield, 67
simultaneous changes in, 6774