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308 •   Index
d
Debt, investment leverage from, 165166
Dell, 101
Delta, 151155, 300n1 (Chapter 8)
Demand-side constraints, 8486
Depreciation, 282284
Diagonals, 233
long, 235237
short, 238240
Directionality of options, 920
calls, 1216
and exposure, 1820
importance of, 2728
puts, 1618
and stock, 1011
volatility and predications about,
6874
Discount rate, 8789, 298n5
Dispersion, 302n1 (Chapter 11)
Distribution of returns:
fat-tailed, 45
leptokurtic, 45
lognormal, 3637
normal, 32, 36, 40, 4345
Dividend arbitrage, 223, 288293
Dividend yield, 67
Dividend-paying stocks, prices of,
3536
Dividends, 86
Downturns, short puts during, 214215
Drift:
assumptions about, 32, 3536
effects of, 67
and long calls, 202203
and long puts, 191
and long strangles, 206
Drivers of value (see Value drivers)
e
Early exercise, 223
Earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation, and amortization
(EBITDA), 99
Earnings before interest and taxes
(EBIT), 99
Earnings per share (EPS), 99
Earnings seasons:
and tenor of short puts, 217218
volatility in, 301n5
EBIT (earnings before interest and
taxes), 99
EBITDA (earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation, and
amortization), 99
EBP (see Effective buy price)
Economic environment, profitability
and, 101
Economic life of companies:
and golden rule of valuation,
8286
improving valuations by
understanding, 9394
Economic value of companies,
137139
Effective buy price (EBP), 2425,
213, 244
Effective sell price (ESP), 2526
Efficacy (see Investing level and
efficacy)
Efficient market hypothesis (EMH),
33, 34, 4043
Endowments, 135, 136
Enron, 110
EPS (earnings per share), 99
ESP (effective sell price), 2526
European-style options, 296n2
(Chapter 1)
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs),
options on, 251252
Execution of option overlay strategies:
collars, 259262
covered calls, 242245
protective puts, 250252
Exercising options, 13,
296n2 (Chapter 1)
Expansionary cash flows, 82, 104108