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670 Part V: Index Options and Futures
While the exchange does not tell us how much of an increase or decrease it uses
in terms of volatility, one can get something of a feel for the magnitude by looking at
the first two lines of the table. The exchange is saying that if the futures are
unchanged tomorrow, but volatility "increases," then the call will increase in value by
$460 (92 cents); if it "decreases," however, the call will lose $610 (1.22 points) of
value. These are large piice changes, so one can assume that the volatility assump­
tions are significant.
The real ease of use of the SPAN iisk array is when it comes to evaluating the
iisk of a more complicated position, or even a portfolio of options. All one needs to
do is to combine the risk array factors for each option or future in the position in
order to arrive at the total requirement.
Example: Using the above two examples, one can see what the SPAN requirements
would be for a covered wiite: long the S&P future and short the Dec 410 call.
Short 1
Long Dec 410 call
1 S&P Potential Covered
Scenario Future Pft/Loss Write
Futures unchanged; vol. up 0 460 - 460
Futures unchanged; vol. down 0 + 610 + 610
Futures up 1 /3 of range; vol. up + 3,330 - 2,640 + 690
Futures up 1 /3 of range; vol. down + 3,330 - 1,730 + 1,600
Futures down 1 /3 of range; vol. up - 3,330 + 1,270 -2,060
Futures down 1 /3 of range; vol. down 3,330 + 2,340 - 990
Futures up 2/3 of range; vol. up + 6,670 - 5,210 + 1,460
Futures up 2/3 of range; vol. down + 6,670 - 4,540 +2, 130
Futures down 2/3 of range; vol. up 6,670 + 2,540 -4, 130
Futures down 2/3 of range; vol. down - 6,670 + 3,430 -3,240
Futures up 3/3 of range; vol. up + 10,000 - 8,060 + 1,940
Futures up 3/3 of range; vol. down + 10,000 - 7,640 +2,360
Futures down 3/3 of range; vol. up -10,000 + 3,380 -6,620
Futures down 3/3 of range; vol. down -10,000 + 3,990 -6,010
Futures up ,, extreme" move + 7,000 - 3,130 +3\870
Futures down "extreme" move - 7,000 + 1,500 -5,500
As might be expected, the worst-case projection for a covered wiite is for the
stock to drop, but for the implied volatility to increase. The SPAN system projects
that this covered wiiter would lose $6,620 if that happened. Thus, "futures down 3/3
of range; volatility up" is the SPAN requirement, $6,620.