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49
Chapter 3
The InTellIgenT
InvesTors guIde To
opTIon prIcIng
By the end of this chapter, you should understand how changes in the follow-
ing Black-Scholes-Merton model (BSM) drivers affect the price of an option:
1. Moneyness
2. Forward volatility
3. Time to expiration
4. Interest rates and dividend yields
Y ou will also learn about the three measures of volatility—forward, im-
plied, and statistical. Y ou will also understand what drivers affect option
prices the most and how simultaneous changes to more than one variable
may work for or against an option investment position.
In this chapter and throughout this book in general, we will not try to
figure out a precise value for any options but just learn to realize when an op-
tion is clearly too expensive or too cheap vis-à-vis our rational expectations
for a fair value of the underlying stock. As such, we will discuss pricing in
general terms; for example, “This option will be much more expensive than
that one. ” This generality frees us from the computational difficulties that
come about when one tries to calculate too precise a price for a given op-
tion. The BSM is designed to give a precise answer, but for investing, simply
knowing that the price of some security is significantly different from what
it should be is enough to give one an investing edge.