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306 •   Index
At-the-money (ATM) options: (continued)
long straddles, 208209
OTM options vs., 233234
protective puts, 250251, 253
short diagonals, 238, 240
short puts, 215, 216
short straddles, 230
short-call spreads, 222225
AUM (assets under management), 132
B
Balance-sheet effects, 92, 108111
Behavior, efficient market hypothesis
as model for, 4142
Behavioral biases, 114130
overconfidence, 118122
pattern recognition, 114118
perception of risk, 123130
Behavioral economics, 42, 114
Bentley, 9798
Berkshire Hathaway, 185
Bernstein, Peter, 9
Biases, behavioral (see Behavioral
biases)
Bid price, 147
Bid-ask spreads, 147149
Bimodal outcomes, companies with,
277278
Black, Fischer, 89
BlackBerry, 208209
Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model, 9
assumptions of, 3233, 4047, 78, 150
conditions favoring, 269273
conditions not favoring, 273281
incorrect facets of, 29
predicting future stock prices from,
3239
ranges of exposure and price
predictions from, 5056
theory of, 32
(See also BSM cone)
Bonds, investing in short puts vs.,
213214
Booms, leverage during, 199
Breakeven line, 25
for call options, 15, 16
for long strangle, 2627
for put options, 17, 18
(See also Effective buy price [EBP])
Broker-dealers, 137, 299300n5
Brokers, benefits of short-term trading
for, 64
BSM cone:
for call options, 5055
for collars, 258
for covered calls, 240244
creating, 156160
defined, 3839
delta-derived, 151155
discrepancies between valuation and,
160162
for ITM options, 5758
for long calls, 189
for long diagonals, 235
for long puts, 201
for long strangles, 205
overlaying valuation range on, 160
for protective puts, 248, 249
for put options, 5455
for short diagonals, 238
for short puts, 212, 216, 217
for short straddles, 230
for short strangles, 231
for short-call spreads, 220
with simultaneous changes in variables,
6874
and time-to-expiration assumptions,
6467
and volatility assumptions,
6064
BSM model (see Black-Scholes-Merton
(BSM) model)
Bubbles, 4243
Buffett, Warren, xv, 184185
Buying options (see Exposure-gaining
strategies)
Buy-side structural impediments,
132136