Add training workflow, datasets, and runbook
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170 • The Intelligent Option Investor
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Because investment leverage comes about by changing the amount
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of your own capital that is at risk vis-à-vis the total size of the investment,
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you can imagine that moneyness has a large influence on lambda. Let’s
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take a look at how investment leverage changes for in-the-money (ITM),
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at-the-money (ATM), and out-of-the-money (OTM) options. The stock
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underlying the following options was trading at $31.25 when these data
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were taken, so I’m showing the $29 and $32 strikes as ATM:
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Strike Price K /S Ratio Call Price Delta Lambda
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15.00 0.48 17.30 0.91 1.64
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20.00 0.64 11.50 0.92 2.50 ITM
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21.00 0.67 11.30 0.86 2.38
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22.00 0.70 9.60 0.89 2.90
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…
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…
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…
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…
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…
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29.00 0.93 3.40 0.68 6.25
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30.00 0.96 2.74 0.61 6.96 ATM
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31.00 0.99 2.16 0.54 7.81
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…
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…
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…
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…
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…
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39.00 1.25 0.18 0.09 15.63
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40.00 1.28 0.13 0.06 14.42 OTM
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41.00 1.31 0.09 0.05 17.36
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When an option is deep ITM, as in the case of the $20-strike call, we
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are making a significant expenditure of our own capital compared with
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the size of the investment. Buying a call option struck at $20, we are—
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as explained in the preceding section—effectively borrowing an amount
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equal to the $20 strike price. In addition to this, we are spending $11.50 in
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premium. Of this amount, $11.25 is intrinsic value, and $0.25 is time value.
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We can look at the time value portion as the prepaid interest we discussed
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in the preceding section, and we can even calculate the interest rate im-
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plied by this price (this option had 189 days left before expiration, implying
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an annual interest charge of 2.4 percent, for example). This prepaid interest
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can be offset partially or fully by profit realized on the position, but it can
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never be recaptured so must be considered a sunk cost. Time value always
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decays independent of the price changes of the underlying, so although an
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