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+6  •   The Intelligent Option Investor
+the producer owns the upside potential from the increase in value of your 
+story (option characteristic number 3). Again, it is obvious that the right 
+to the literary work has value for the entire term of the contract (option 
+characteristic number 4).
+Keep these characteristics in mind, and we will go on to look at how 
+these defining elements are expressed in financial markets later in this 
+chapter. Now that you have an idea of what an option looks like, let’s turn 
+briefly to a short history of these financial instruments.
+A Brief History of Options
+Many people believe that options are a new financial invention, but in 
+fact, they have been in use for more than two millennia—one of the first 
+historically attested uses of options was by a pre-Socratic philosopher 
+named Miletus, who lived in ancient Greece. Miletus the philosopher was 
+accused of being useless by his fellow citizens because he spent his time 
+considering philosophical matters (which at the time included a study of 
+natural phenomena as well) rather than putting his nose to the grindstone 
+and weaving fishing nets or some such thing.
+Miletus told them that his knowledge was in fact not useless and that 
+he could apply it to something people cared about, but he simply chose not 
+to. As proof of his contention, when his studies related to weather revealed 
+to him that the area would enjoy a bumper crop of olives in the upcoming 
+season, he went around to the owners of all the olive presses and paid them 
+a fee to reserve the presses (i.e., he entered into a contractual agreement—
+option characteristic number 1) through harvest time (i.e., the contract 
+had a prespecified life—option characteristic number 2). 
+Indeed, Miletus’s prediction was correct, and the following season 
+yielded a bumper crop of olives. The price of olives must have fallen because 
+of the huge surge of supply, and demand for olive presses skyrocketed  
+(because turning the olive fruit into oil allowed the produce to be stored 
+longer). Because Miletus had cornered the olive press market, he was able 
+to generate huge profits, turning the low-value olives into high-value oil  
+(i.e., he profited from the change in value of an underlying asset—option 
+characteristic number 3). His rights to the olive presses ended after the har-
+vest but not before he had become very wealthy thanks to his philosophical