Add training workflow, datasets, and runbook
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, CHAPTER 40
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Advanced Concepts
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As the option markets have matured, strategists have been forced to rely more on
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mathematics in order to select new positions as well as to discern how their positions
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will behave in fluctuating markets. These techniques can be used on simple strategies,
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such as bull spreads or ratio spreads, or on far more complex portfolios of options.
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First, the concept of implied volatility will be examined in more detail, prima
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rily as an aid in choosing new positions that have a positive expected return. Then,
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the concept of risk management will be explored. In effect, one can reduce his option
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position into several components of risk measurement that can be readily under
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stood. This chapter describes the techniques used to evaluate one's position, and
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shows how to use this information to reduce the risk in the position. The actual math
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ematical calculations required to perform these analyses are included at the end of
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the chapter.
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NEUTRALITY
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In many of the examples in previous chapters, it was generally assumed that one
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would take a "neutral" position in order to capture the pricing or volatility differen
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tial. Why this concentration on neutrality? Neutrality, as it applies to option positions,
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means that one is noncommittal with respect to at least one of the factors that influ
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ence an option's price. Simply put, this means that one can design an option position
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in which he can profit, no matter which way the underlying security moves.
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846
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