Add training workflow, datasets, and runbook

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CHAPTER 28
Mathetnatical Applications
In previous chapters, many references have been made to the possibility of applying
mathematical techniques to option strategies. Those techniques are developed in this
chapter. Although the average investor - public, institutional, or floor trader - nor­
mally has a limited grasp of advanced mathematics, the information in this chapter
should still prove useful. It will allow the investor to see what sorts of strategy deci­
sions could be aided by the use of mathematics. It will allow the investor to evaluate
techniques of an information service. Additionally, if the investor is contemplating
hiring someone knowledgeable in mathematics to do work for him, the information
to be presented may be useful as a focal point for the work. The investor who does
have a knowledge of mathematics and also has access to a computer will be able to
directly use the techniques in this chapter.
THE BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL
Since an option's price is the function of stock price, striking price, volatility, time to
expiration, and short-term interest rates, it is logical that a formula could be drawn
up to calculate option prices from these variables. Many models have been conceived
since listed options began trading in 1973. Many of these have been attempts to
improve on one of the first models introduced, the Black-Scholes model. This model
was introduced in early 1973, very near the time when listed options began trading.
It was made public at that time and, as a result, gained a rather large number of
adherents. The formula is rather easy to use in that the equations are short and the
number of variables is small.
The actual formula is:
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