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+Trading Strategies
+Buying stock is a trading strategy that most people understand. In practical
+terms, traders who buy stock are generally not concerned with the literal
+ownership stake in a corporation, just the opportunity to profit if the stock
+rises. Although it’s important for traders to understand that the price of a
+stock is largely tied to the success or failure of the corporation, it’s essential
+to keep in mind exactly what the objective tends to be for trading a stock: to
+profit from changes in its price. A bullish position can also be taken in the
+options market. The most basic example is buying a call.
+A bearish position can be taken by trading stock or options, as well. If
+traders expect the value of a stock they own to fall, they will sell the stock.
+This eliminates the risk of losses from the stock’s falling. If the traders do
+not own the stock that they think will decline, they can take a more active
+stance and short it. The short-seller borrows the stock from a party that
+owns it and then sells the borrowed shares to another party. The goal of
+selling stock short is to later repurchase the shares at a lower price before
+returning the stock to its owner. It is simply reversing the order of “buy
+low/sell high.” The risk is that the stock rises and shares have to be bought
+at a higher price than that at which they were sold. Although shorting stock
+can lead to profits when the market cooperates, in the options market, there
+are alternative ways to profit from falling prices. The most basic example is
+buying a put.
+A trader can use options to take a bullish or bearish position, given a
+directional forecast. Sideways, nontrending stocks and their antithesis,
+volatile stocks, can be traded as well. In the later market conditions, profit
+or loss can be independent of whether the stock rises or falls. Opportunity
+in option trading is not necessarily black and white—not necessarily up and
+down. Option trading is nonlinear. Consequently, more opportunities can be
+exploited by trading options than by trading stock.
+Option traders must consider the time period in question, the volatility
+expected during this period, interest rates, and dividends. Along with the
+stock price, these factors make up the dynamic components of an option’s
+value. These individual factors can be isolated, measured, and exploited.