Add training workflow, datasets, and runbook
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Dividend Plays
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The day before an ex-dividend date in a stock, option volume can be
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unusually high. Tens of thousands of contracts sometimes trade in names
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that usually have average daily volumes of only a couple thousand. This
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spike in volume often has nothing to do with the market’s opinion on
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direction after the dividend. The heavy trading has to do with the
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revaluation of the relationship of exercisable options to the underlying
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expected to occur on the ex-dividend date.
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Traders that are long ITM calls and short ITM calls at another strike just
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before an ex-dividend date have a potential liability and a potential benefit.
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The potential liability is that they can forget to exercise. This is a liability
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over which the traders have complete control. The potential benefit is that
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some of the short calls may not get assigned. If traders on the other side of
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the short calls (the longs) forget to exercise, the traders that are short the
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call make out by not having to pay the dividend on short stock.
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Professionals and big retail traders who have very low transaction costs
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will sometimes trade ITM call spreads during the afternoon before an ex-
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dividend date. This consists of buying one call and selling another call with
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a different strike price. Both calls in the dividend-play strategy are ITM and
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have corresponding puts with little or no value (to be sure, the put value is
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less than the dividend minus the interest). The traders trade the spreads,
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fairly indifferent as to whether they buy or sell the spreads, in hope of
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skating—or not getting assigned—on some of their short calls. The more
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they don’t get assigned the better.
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This usually occurs in options that have high open interest, meaning there
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are a lot of outstanding contracts already. The more contracts in existence,
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the better the possibility of someone forgetting to exercise. The greatest
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volume also tends to occur in the front month.
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